Next CSE-PPT: 14 March 2027 · Professional & Subprofessional
Civil Service Exam reviewer on Philippine environmental laws: solid waste management (RA 9003), Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Climate Change Act, protected areas, wildlife, the EIS system and the writ of kalikasan.
Environment Management and Protection is one of the four General Information areas of the Civil Service Exam. This set covers the main Philippine environmental laws, including the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Climate Change Act, the Expanded NIPAS Act on protected areas, the Wildlife Act and the Environmental Impact Statement system, together with the writ of kalikasan, disaster risk reduction and international agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
Questions usually pair a law with its number, year or main rule. Learn each law with one key provision, for example segregation at source under RA 9003 or the Environmental Compliance Certificate under PD 1586, and you will recognise the correct option quickly.
Correct answer: D. DENR
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is the lead agency for the environment and natural resources. Its Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) enforces pollution laws and issues Environmental Compliance Certificates.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
RA 9003, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, requires the segregation of waste at source, a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays, and the closure of open dumpsites.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
A Materials Recovery Facility receives segregated waste for further sorting, composting and recycling, so that only residual waste goes to sanitary landfills. RA 9003 requires one in every barangay or cluster of barangays.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. 8749
RA 8749, the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, sets air quality standards, regulates emissions from vehicles and industries, and prohibits the incineration of municipal, bio-medical and hazardous waste that emits poisonous and toxic fumes.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Philippine Clean Water Act
RA 9275, the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, provides for water quality management, wastewater charges and the designation of water quality management areas. The older Water Code (PD 1067) governs water rights and use.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. President of the Philippines
RA 9729 created the Climate Change Commission as the lead policy-making body on climate change, attached to the Office of the President and chaired by the President, with three commissioners.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System (ENIPAS) Act
RA 11038, the Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018, amended the NIPAS Act of 1992 (RA 7586) and declared many more protected areas through an act of Congress, which gives them stronger legal protection than a presidential proclamation.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. RA 9147
RA 9147, the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001, regulates the collection and trade of wildlife and penalises killing, hunting and trading of threatened species. RA 8550 is the Fisheries Code.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
PD 1586 of 1978 established the EIS System. Environmentally critical projects, and projects in environmentally critical areas, need an Environmental Compliance Certificate issued by the DENR's Environmental Management Bureau before they can proceed.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes
RA 6969, the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990, regulates the importation, manufacture, use and disposal of chemicals that pose a risk to health and the environment.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Prejudices the life, health or property of inhabitants in two or more cities or provinces
The writ of kalikasan protects the constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology against an unlawful act or omission causing environmental damage of such magnitude as to prejudice the life, health or property of inhabitants in two or more cities or provinces.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. NDRRMC
RA 10121 created the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and shifted policy from disaster response to disaster risk reduction and preparedness. PAGASA and PHIVOLCS are scientific agencies under the DOST.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Sulu Sea, in the province of Palawan
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park lies in the middle of the Sulu Sea and is part of Palawan province. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993 for its pristine coral reefs and marine life.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, reuse and recycle are, in that order, the preferred ways of managing waste: producing less waste comes first, using items again second and recycling materials third, ahead of disposal.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement of 2015 commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. The Montreal Protocol (1987) protects the ozone layer, and the Ramsar Convention protects wetlands.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Ozone layer
The Montreal Protocol phases out substances that deplete the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) once used in refrigerators and aerosol sprays. It is widely regarded as the most successful environmental treaty.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Recover or offset the plastic packaging waste of their products
The Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022 amended RA 9003 to make large enterprises responsible for recovering or offsetting the plastic packaging waste their products generate, with recovery targets that rise year by year.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. 22 April
Earth Day is observed on 22 April and was first held in 1970. World Environment Day is 5 June, World Water Day is 22 March and the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is 16 September.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Carbon dioxide
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, which traps heat in the atmosphere and is the largest human contributor to global warming. Methane and nitrous oxide are other important greenhouse gases.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Segregation at source
RA 9003 makes segregation at source mandatory, so that waste is sorted where it is produced. This makes composting and recycling possible and reduces the waste that ends up in landfills.
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