Next CSE-PPT: 14 March 2027 · Professional & Subprofessional
Civil Service Exam reviewer on Philippine labour laws: the Labor Code, hours of work and premium pay, 13th month pay, leave, child labour, telecommuting, social insurance and the rights of government workers to organise.
Article XIII of the Constitution guarantees the rights of workers, and the Labor Code and related laws spell them out. Civil servants deal with these laws when they serve the public, handle complaints or manage contractual staff, and some rules, such as the right to organise, apply to government employees too.
This set covers the Labor Code basics (hours of work, overtime, night shift and holiday pay, service incentive leave), 13th month pay, child labour, telecommuting, social insurance, retirement pay and the rights of government workers. Most rules here apply to private-sector employees; questions say so when a rule is specific to the government.
Correct answer: D. Presidential Decree No. 442 (1974)
PD 442, issued in 1974, is the Labor Code. It governs employment, labour standards, labour relations and termination in the private sector. EO 292 is the Administrative Code, which includes the civil service rules.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Eight hours a day
The Labor Code sets normal hours of work at not more than eight hours a day. Work beyond eight hours is overtime and must be paid an additional premium. Employees are also entitled to a meal break of not less than sixty minutes.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. 25 percent of the regular hourly wage
Overtime on an ordinary working day is paid at least 125 percent of the regular hourly rate, that is, an additional 25 percent. Overtime on a rest day or holiday earns an additional 30 percent of the rate for that day.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
Employees who work between ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning are entitled to a night shift differential of at least ten percent of their regular wage for each such hour.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. 200 percent
Work on a regular holiday is paid at least 200 percent of the regular daily wage. If the employee does not work, he or she is still paid 100 percent for the regular holiday, subject to certain conditions.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Five days with pay
The service incentive leave is five days with pay each year for employees with at least one year of service, unless they already enjoy at least five days of paid leave. Unused service incentive leave is convertible to cash at the end of the year.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. 24 December
PD 851 of 1975 requires employers to pay rank-and-file employees a 13th month pay of at least one-twelfth of their total basic salary for the year, not later than 24 December. Government employees receive a year-end bonus under separate rules.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. 15 years old
Children below fifteen may not be employed except in limited cases, such as working under the sole responsibility of their parents or in public entertainment, with strict safeguards. Persons below eighteen may not be employed in hazardous work.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. 11165 (2018)
RA 11165 of 2018 lets employers adopt telecommuting programmes on a voluntary basis, with telecommuting employees entitled to treatment equal to that of comparable employees working at the employer's premises.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Occupational safety and health standards
RA 11058 requires employers to provide safe and healthful workplaces, gives workers the right to know about hazards and to refuse unsafe work, and sets penalties for violations of occupational safety and health standards.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards
Under RA 6727, the Wage Rationalization Act of 1989, Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards made up of government, labour and management representatives set regional minimum wages through wage orders.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Redundancy
Just causes arise from the employee's own fault, such as serious misconduct, fraud or gross neglect. Authorised causes, such as redundancy, retrenchment and closure of business, arise from business reasons and generally require separation pay.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Age
RA 10911, the Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act, prohibits employers from setting age limits in job advertisements, or from refusing to hire, promote or keep workers because of their age, subject to exceptions allowed by law.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Five years
RA 7641 entitles employees aged 60 to 65 with at least five years of service to retirement pay of at least one-half month's salary for every year of service. Government employees retire under the GSIS law instead.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Land-based overseas Filipino workers, among others
RA 11199 covers private employees, self-employed persons and household workers, and made SSS coverage compulsory for land-based OFWs. Government employees are covered by the GSIS, not the SSS.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Public Sector Labor-Management Council
EO 180 sets the guidelines for government employees to organise and negotiate on terms not fixed by law, and created the Public Sector Labor-Management Council, chaired by the CSC Chairperson, to administer it.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Staging strikes, mass leaves or walkouts to force concessions
CSC Memorandum Circular No. 6, s. 1987 prohibits strikes, walkouts and other concerted mass actions that disrupt public service, and the Supreme Court upheld the ban in SSS Employees Association v. Court of Appeals (1989).
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. PD 626
PD 626 created the Employees' Compensation Program and the Employees' Compensation Commission. Benefits are paid through the SSS for private employees and through the GSIS for government employees.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. National Labor Relations Commission
The NLRC, attached to the DOLE, decides labour and management disputes through Labor Arbiters and its Commission. Disputes involving government employees generally go to the Civil Service Commission instead.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. 1 May
Labour Day on 1 May honours workers and their contributions. It is a regular holiday, so employees who work that day are paid at least 200 percent of their daily wage. Bonifacio Day, on 30 November, is another regular holiday.
Read details