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DOCTOR : HOSPITAL :: TEACHER : ___
Correct answer: C. School
The relationship is a worker and the place where that worker usually works. A doctor works in a hospital, and a teacher works in a school.
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Word Analogy and Logical Reasoning MCQs
Civil Service Exam Professional reviewer on analytical ability: word analogies, syllogisms, if–then reasoning, identifying assumptions, drawing conclusions and number and letter patterns.
20 MCQsUpdated 3 November 2026
Analytical Ability is tested only in the Professional level of the Civil Service Exam. Its official scope covers word analogy, symbolic logic and abstract reasoning, identifying assumptions and drawing conclusions, and data interpretation. This set practises analogies, syllogisms, if–then statements, assumptions and conclusions, and simple number and letter patterns.
In logic items, accept the statements as true even if they sound unusual, and choose only what must follow from them. A conclusion that is merely possible, or that needs extra information, does not follow. The explanations show this test step by step.
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PEN : WRITE :: KNIFE : ___
Correct answer: D. Cut
The relationship is a tool and its function. A pen is used to write and a knife is used to cut. "Sharp" and "steel" describe the knife instead of its use.
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ASCEND : DESCEND :: EXPAND : ___
Correct answer: B. Contract
The words in the first pair are opposites. The opposite of expand is contract; grow and extend are synonyms of expand.
easy - 4
PUPPY : DOG :: KITTEN : ___
Correct answer: D. Cat
The relationship is a young animal and its adult form. A puppy grows into a dog and a kitten grows into a cat.
easy - 5
THERMOMETER : TEMPERATURE :: BAROMETER : ___
Correct answer: C. Air pressure
The relationship is an instrument and what it measures. A thermometer measures temperature and a barometer measures atmospheric (air) pressure.
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MANILA : PHILIPPINES :: HANOI : ___
Correct answer: C. Vietnam
The relationship is a capital city and its country. Manila is the capital of the Philippines and Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam.
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SENATOR : SENATE :: JUSTICE : ___
Correct answer: C. Supreme Court
The relationship is a member and the body to which the member belongs. A senator sits in the Senate and a justice sits in the Supreme Court.
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DROUGHT : RAIN :: FAMINE : ___
Correct answer: B. Food
The relationship is a condition and what is lacking in it. A drought is a long lack of rain, and a famine is a severe lack of food.
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CARPENTER : HAMMER :: SURGEON : ___
Correct answer: A. Scalpel
The relationship is a worker and a characteristic tool of the trade. A carpenter uses a hammer and a surgeon uses a scalpel. Hospital and patient are related to the surgeon but are not tools.
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PETAL : FLOWER :: PAGE : ___
Correct answer: C. Book
The relationship is a part and the whole it belongs to. A petal is part of a flower and a page is part of a book.
easy - 11
All clerks in this office use computers. Ben is a clerk in this office. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: A. Ben uses a computer.
If every clerk in the office uses a computer and Ben is one of those clerks, then Ben must use a computer. Nothing is said about owning one, or about other employees.
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All roses are flowers. Some flowers fade quickly. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: B. None of these conclusions necessarily follows.
The flowers that fade quickly may or may not include roses, so none of the stated conclusions must be true. A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible case.
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If it rains, the program will be moved indoors. The program was not moved indoors. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: D. It did not rain.
If rain always leads to the program being moved, and the program was not moved, then it cannot have rained. This form of reasoning is called denying the consequent (modus tollens).
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If a report is late, the manager is upset. The manager is upset. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: A. It cannot be determined whether the report was late.
The manager could be upset for another reason, so we cannot conclude that the report was late. Reasoning from the result back to one cause is a common logical error called affirming the consequent.
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Statement: "The city will add more buses to reduce traffic on its main roads." Which is an assumption behind this statement?
Correct answer: B. More buses will lead some people to travel by bus instead of by car.
The plan only makes sense if more buses will draw some people away from cars, reducing the number of vehicles. The other options are not needed for the statement to make sense.
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Data: After the office introduced flexible working hours, monthly late arrivals fell from 40 to 10. Which conclusion is best supported?
Correct answer: D. Late arrivals decreased after flexible hours were introduced.
The data show a decrease after the change, which is all that can be safely concluded. Saying lateness has ended or will reach zero goes beyond the data given.
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Ana is taller than Ben. Ben is taller than Carlo. Carlo is taller than Dina. Who is the shortest?
Correct answer: A. Dina
Arrange them in order from tallest: Ana, Ben, Carlo, Dina. Since each person is taller than the next, Dina is the shortest.
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Which statement means the same as "It is not true that all the applicants passed"?
Correct answer: B. At least one applicant did not pass.
Denying "all passed" only means that not every applicant passed, so at least one failed. It does not mean that none passed or that all failed.
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What number comes next in the series 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ___?
Correct answer: C. 42
The differences are 4, 6, 8 and 10, increasing by 2 each time, so the next difference is 12: 30 + 12 = 42. The terms are also 1×2, 2×3, 3×4, 4×5, 5×6, so the next is 6×7 = 42.
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What letter comes next in the series A, C, F, J, O, ___?
Correct answer: D. U
The gaps between letters grow by one each time: A to C is +2, C to F +3, F to J +4 and J to O +5. The next step is +6, and the letter six places after O is U.
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